Psycholinguistics — ERP effects on gender-marked Dutch articles (Otten & van Berkum 2009)

Readers pre-activate the sound of upcoming predictable words, so the N400 to the article before a noun would scale with how predictable the noun is, as DeLong et al. (2005) reported.

In a preregistered direct replication across 9 laboratories (N = 334), the noun effect replicated but the article effect did not, in either the preregistered or the single-trial analyses.

Why it matched: same research area · similar wording

Speakers would name a pictured object faster in front of a person they had earlier linked with that object's name, as Horton (2007, Experiment 1) found.

Three experiments designed to replicate and extend Horton's Experiment 1 did not reproduce the effect.

Why it matched: same research area · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it

Orienting native English listeners positively or negatively would shift how they rate non-native English speech, as Reid et al. (2019) found.

In a preregistered online conceptual replication (n = 189), listeners did not change their ratings after the bias orientations, and performed similarly across all five speech measures and across age and race groups.

Why it matched: same research area

Published adult statistical word segmentation experiments, including the moderators said to shape this learning, would reproduce when re-run, with effect sizes close to the originals.

Across eight experiments replicating six studies, above-chance segmentation was confirmed every time, but many theoretically important moderations of learning did not replicate and learning was generally much weaker than originally reported. Several original papers also lacked key method details or described them wrongly.

Why it matched: failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it