Psycholinguistics — Partner-specific memory associations in picture naming

ERPs on gender-marked Dutch articles would reflect whether the upcoming noun was predictable, as Otten and van Berkum (2009) reported.

A close replication with N = 58, nearly identical materials, procedure and analysis failed to replicate the original effect, though the pattern was consistent with the original data.

Why it matched: same research area · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it

Orienting native English listeners positively or negatively would shift how they rate non-native English speech, as Reid et al. (2019) found.

In a preregistered online conceptual replication (n = 189), listeners did not change their ratings after the bias orientations, and performed similarly across all five speech measures and across age and race groups.

Why it matched: same research area

Readers pre-activate the sound of upcoming predictable words, so the N400 to the article before a noun would scale with how predictable the noun is, as DeLong et al. (2005) reported.

In a preregistered direct replication across 9 laboratories (N = 334), the noun effect replicated but the article effect did not, in either the preregistered or the single-trial analyses.

Why it matched: same research area

Reminding people of a precaution they have already taken makes them judge the related risk as less likely (the protection effect), alongside the tempting-fate effect.

Three direct replication attempts of Tykocinski's protection-effect experiment did not reproduce the effect, while two replications of the Risen and Gilovich tempting-fate experiment did reproduce theirs.

Why it matched: similar wording · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it