Down syndrome — Gene Expression Dysregulated Domains (GEDDs)

A 25-minute acid treatment (pH 5.7) would turn mouse blood cells into pluripotent stem cells, as Obokata et al. (2014) reported.

Acid-treated spleen cells from newborn Oct4-GFP mice did not express the stem cell marker Oct4-GFP after 3 to 6 days, and qPCR found no rise in Oct4, Sox2 or Nanog. Lung fibroblasts gave the same result.

Why it matched: similar wording · mechanism: Fibrosis & stroma · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it

Gene expression data from human and mouse tissues cluster by species rather than by tissue, as the Mouse ENCODE Consortium reported.

The original design put human and mouse samples on different sequencing runs, so sequencing batch was mixed up with species. After correcting for batch, the samples clustered by tissue, not by species.

Why it matched: similar wording · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it

Children with developmental language disorder would show weaker hand preference and less left-lateralised language, as earlier studies reported.

In 107 twin children with DLD and 156 typically developing twins aged 6–11, there were no group differences in handedness, functional transcranial Doppler language laterality, or consistency of left-hemisphere dominance. Right-lateralised language was in fact more common in the typically developing group (19.9% vs 9.3%), and links between laterality and language scores also did not replicate.

Why it matched: similar wording · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it