Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma — S-588410 five-peptide cancer vaccine as adjuvant therapy

Intranodal injections of tumour-antigen-loaded autologous CD1c+ and plasmacytoid dendritic cells after surgery would lengthen recurrence-free survival in resected stage IIIB/C melanoma.

In the randomised MIND-DC trial (148 patients, 99 nDC vs 49 placebo), 2-year recurrence-free survival was 36.8% with nDCs versus 46.9% with placebo (p = 0.31); median RFS 12.7 vs 19.9 months (HR 1.25), and overall survival did not differ.

Why it matched: similar wording · failed the same way: Held in the model species, not beyond it

Maintenance vaccination against telomerase after first-line platinum chemotherapy would extend overall survival in HLA-A*201-positive metastatic NSCLC, since a TERT-specific CD8 response is associated with longer survival.

Of 221 randomized patients, 190 were analysed; median overall survival was 14.3 months with the vaccine against 11.3 with placebo (p = 0.86), missing the primary endpoint, with time to treatment failure 3.6 versus 3.5 months and no objective responses. Toxicity stayed below grade 3.

Why it matched: similar wording

Depleting B cells with rituximab, on top of mycophenolate and corticosteroids, would raise the renal response rate in class III or IV lupus nephritis.

Overall renal response at week 52 was 56.9% with rituximab vs 45.8% with placebo (P=0.18), across 144 patients — the primary endpoint was not met.

Why it matched: similar wording