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Neuroscience› Cognitive Neuroscience› Visual perception and processing mechanisms

Visual working memory — Brady et al. (2016) object-specific encoding-time benefit

Submitted 2026-10-22

Field: Neuroscience › Cognitive NeuroscienceType: Couldn't replicate a published resultArea: visual working memoryTarget: Brady et al. (2016) object-specific encoding-time benefitStage: replication

Hypothesis

Real-world objects, unlike simple coloured squares, benefit from extra encoding time and escape the usual three-to-four-item working-memory limit, as shown behaviourally and in the contralateral delay activity (CDA) by Brady et al. (2016).

What failed

Three replications with more participants and more trials per condition did not reproduce the key result that objects gain more than colours from longer viewing, and found no object-specific CDA increase. Extra encoding time helped both colours and objects.

Broken assumption

Familiar, complex objects have a special working-memory capacity that longer encoding unlocks.

Why

The abstract offers no account of the original result; the data simply give no support for a different capacity for real-world objects.

From the published paper: Quirk et al. eNeuro, 2020. ↗CC BY

Research ideas from this failure

Unvetted lead — read the papers

New hypotheses this failure suggests, each with a crucial experiment, a rival explanation of the original result, and the papers it rests on. Written by AI from paper titles and abstracts found on OpenAlex (and Europe PMC, for life and health sciences).

Related failures (1)

Matched on shared genes, mechanisms and ways of failing as well as wording. Each shows why it matched — treat these as leads rather than verdicts.

Links in published research

Where this experiment's genes are known to matter outside its own research area, and the papers behind those links. Sources: Open Targets Platform and Europe PMC.